|
Age, length of hospitalization, time of assessment, educational level, social class, clinical variables in the non-hostile, hostile and violent groups |
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| No hostility |
Hostility |
Violence |
Variance analysis |
Df |
Bonferroni test; p < .05 |
|
|
|
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| Age (years) |
42.2 (± 13.8) |
41.9 (± 14.4) |
36.3 (± 12.3) |
F = 6.02 P = .002 |
2341 |
1 vs 3 = yes 2 vs 3 = yes 1 vs 2 = no |
| Hospitalization (days) |
9.7 (± 12.5) |
12.8 (± 13.8) |
20.7 (± 17.4) |
F = 32.99 P = .000 |
2348 |
1 vs 3 = yes 2 vs 3 = yes 1 vs 2 = yes |
| Interval admission/complete assessment (days) |
3.0 (± 4.6) |
4.0 (± 6.0) |
5.8 (± 7.5) |
F = 9.73 P = .000 |
1279 |
3 vs 1 = yes 2 vs 1 = yes 3 vs 2 = no |
| Education level (years) |
10.5 (± 4.0) |
10.9 (± 3.8) |
10.7 (± 3.4) |
F = 1.52 P = .220 |
1370 |
NS |
| Social class |
14.3 (± 4.2) |
14.2 (± 4.4) |
13.6 (± 3.7) |
F = 0.6 P = .546 |
1353 |
NS |
| GAF (current score) |
24.6 (± 7.9) |
23.3 (± 6.9) |
19.8 (± 7.6) |
F = 12.24 P = .000 |
1339 |
1 vs 3 = yes 1 vs 2 = yes 2 vs 3 = yes |
| GAF (best score in the last year) |
49.6 (± 14.5) |
47.2 (± 13.7) |
41.1 (± 13.3) |
F = 11.06 P = .000 |
1296 |
1 vs 3 = yes 1 vs 2 = yes 2 vs 3 = yes |
| Age at the beginning of illness (years) |
29.4 (± 13.7) |
27.0 (± 12.8) |
21.9 (± 8.8) |
F = 6.84 P = .001 |
933 |
1 vs 3 = yes 1 vs 2 = yes 2 vs 3 = no |
| BPRS total |
57.0 (± 13.2) |
61.4 (± 13.3) |
61.5 (± 13.6 = |
F = 17.49 P = .000 |
1278 |
NS |
| BPRS psychotic cluster |
10.2 (± 5.1) |
11.6 (± 5.1) |
11.2 (± 4.8) |
F = 11.85 P = .000 |
1278 |
2 vs 1 = yes 2 vs 3 = no 3 vs 1 = no |
| BPRS withdrawal/retardation |
7.6 (± 4.4) |
6.2 (± 3.9) |
7.6 (± 4.3) |
F = 15.96 P = .000 |
1278 |
NS |
| BPRS hostility/agitation |
6.6 (± 3.0) |
9.7 (± 3.6) |
9.9 (± 4.4) |
F = 138.93 P = .000 |
1278 |
3 vs 1 = yes 2 vs 1 = yes 3 vs 2 = no |
| BPRS anxiety/depression |
9.9 (± 4.5) |
8.1 (± 4.1) |
7.6 (± 4.0) |
F = 28.60 P = .000 |
1278 |
1 vs 3 = yes 1 vs 2 = yes 2 vs 3 = no |
| SAPS |
33.1 (± 23.6) |
41.3 (± 22.1) |
42.1 (± 20.4) |
F = 20.83 P = .000 |
1278 |
3 vs 1 = yes 2 vs 1 = yes 3 vs 2 = no |
| SANS |
48.4 (± 24.7) |
43.6 (± 23.6) |
55.1 (± 21.6) |
F = 8.99 P = .000 |
1279 |
2 vs 3 = yes 2 vs 1 = yes 3 vs 1 = no |
| MMSE |
26.5 (± 3.3) |
26.4 (± 2.9) |
26.0 (± 4.3) |
F = 0.59 P = .557 |
1231 |
NS |
| UPDRS total |
7.1 (± 6.4) |
6.0 (± 5.5) |
7.4 (± 8.2) |
F = 5.19 P = .557 |
1206 |
NS |
| UPDRS rigidity |
0.5 (± 0.7) |
0.4 (± 0.6) |
0.5 (± 0.7) |
F = 3.77 P = .023 |
1206 |
1 vs 2 = yes 1 vs 3 = no 3 vs 2 = no |
| UPDRS tremor |
1.5 (± 1.7) |
1.2 (± 1.5) |
1.6 (± 1.6) |
F = 4.43 P = .012 |
1206 |
NS |
| UPDRS akinesia |
0.9 (± 1.2) |
0.7 (± 1.0) |
0.7 (± 1.3) |
F = 4.25 P = .015 |
1204 |
1 vs 2 = yes 1 vs 3 = no 3 vs 2 = no |
| Barnes akathisia scale |
0.5 (± 1.0) |
0.4 (± 0.9) |
0.5 (± 1.0) |
F = 1.52 P = .220 |
1203 |
NS |
Raja and Azzoni Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health 2005 1:11 doi:10.1186/1745-0179-1-11 |
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