|
Long-term (over 6 months] studies of the relation between coping and mood disorder. |
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| Study Controlled = CON |
Follow up year |
Patients No. |
Sex Men % |
Mean age |
Measures |
Results |
|
|
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| Coyne [34] 1981, CON |
1 |
15 depressed and 72 controls |
52 |
55 yr |
HSCL, WCL 4 weeks intervals |
The coping of depressed persons was characterized by seeking emotional support and by wishful thinking. |
| Billings [35, 36] 1985, CON |
1 |
380 unipolar |
57 |
40 yr |
HDL FES RDC |
Patients at follow-up used significantly more affect regulation and less reliance on information seeking and emotional discharge, latter coping styles were associated with poorer outcome |
| Swindle [37] 1989, CON |
4 |
352 unipolar |
44 |
44 yr |
HDL, FES RDC |
Problem solving related to less depression and greater self-esteem. Emotional discharge associated with depression. |
| Hoffart [38] 1993 |
1 |
21 depressed 17 depr/phobia, 23 agoraphobia. |
34 |
41 yr |
SCID, WICCA BDI, ACS CPRS |
Seeking social support may be a trait dependent coping style. Problem focused coping and wishful thinking appeared as a state phenomena. |
| Sherbourne [39] 1995 |
2 |
604 depressed |
26 |
46 yr |
DSM-III SF-36, COD |
Better clinical course of depression was associated with more active and less avoidant coping styles |
| Moos [40] 1999, CON |
10 |
313 unipolar |
40 |
48 yr |
DSSI, HDL RDC |
Patients were at risk for a chronic course if they coped with stressors by avoiding being with people. |
| Oldehinkel [41] 2000 |
3 1/2 |
86 from primary care |
31 |
37 yr |
PSE, DSM, UCL LEDS, SRS, ABV |
Predictors that expedited remission were high self-esteem and a tension reducing coping style. |
| Lam [42] 2001 |
1 1/2 |
40 bipolar |
43 |
44 yr |
MAS, SCID CPSI |
More who used stimulating coping strategies had a manic relapse. More who used passive coping strategies had a depressive relapse. |
| Holahan [43] 2003, CON |
10 |
313 unipolar |
40 |
48 yr |
HDL, RDC, DTC DSSI, DP |
Patient who more often drank to cope at baseline had a stronger association to depressive symptoms and drinking problems. |
| Szadoczky [44] 2004 |
2 |
117 unipolar |
25 |
44 yr |
HRSD, MMPI, WCC, SAS, LEQ |
No significant difference between the group of remitters and the group of non-remitters in problem-solving coping and emotion-focused coping. |
|
ABV Amsterdams Biografische Vragenlijst. ACS Agoraphobic Cognition scale. BAI Beck Anxiety Inventory. BDI Beck Depression Inventory. COD Course of Depression. CPRS Comprehensive Psychopathology Rating Scale. CPSI Coping with Prodomal Symptoms Interview. DIS Diagnostic Interview Schedule. DSM-III & IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [third and fourth edition]. DP Drinking Problems. DTC Drinking to Cope. DSSI Depressive Symptoms Severity Index. FES Family Environment Scale. GAS Global Assessment Scale. GDS Geriatric Depression Scale. HSCL Hopkins symptom Checklist. HDL Health and Daily Living Form. HRSD Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. MAS Mania Scale. LEQ Life Event Quistionnaire. PB Passive Behaviours. MMPI Minnesota Mulriphasic Inventory. PSE Present State Examination. RDC Research Diagnostic Criteria. SADS-L Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime. SAS Social Adjustment Scale. SCI Stress Coping Inventory. SCID Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III. SF-36 a 36-item Self-report health-related quality of life measure. Social Support and Rejection Scale. UCL Utrecht Coping List. WCC The Ways of Coping Checklist. WWC L The revised Ways of Coping Checklist. | ||||||
Christensen and Kessing Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health 2005 1:20 doi:10.1186/1745-0179-1-20 |
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